Glossary
Click on a letter below to be provided with a list of terms and definitions.
# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Abrasion
The rubbing or wearing away of a sheet of packaging material through contact with some other material. (also see scuffing, chafing).
Pertains to the amount of liquid taken up by paper, or the rate of uptake or time required for a paper to take up a given amount of liquid. Rate or time of absorbency is more commonly used.
A chemical that yields hydrogen ions in water. It has a corrosive action on many materials. The concentration of hydrogen ions is stated in terms of pH value. Acids are less than pH 7.0.
An adhesive that is solid at room temperature, liquefied by heat, applied in molten state and forms a bond by cooling and solidifying.
An adhesive used to unitize loads of bags or cases on a pallet providing low peel strength with high shear strength to prevent sliding.
Bonding agents used in the manufacture of shipping sacks. Most common adhesives are the waterproof-types made from starch or dextrines. Others are polyvinyl acetate resin emulsions, latex and hot melt.
A chemical that yields hydroxyl ions in water. It has a corrosive action on many materials. The concentration of hydroxyl ions is stated in terms of pH value. Alkalis are higher than pH 7.0.
A paper used to wrap materials that have an alkaline reaction, such as soaps or alkaline adhesives. Paper which does not show appreciable discoloration when wet with one percent sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is considered alkali-resistant.
A combination of thin aluminum foil with a paper backing used as a barrier. A typical foil lamination is kraft backing with aluminum foil laminated to the kraft paper by means of an adhesive or extruded polyethylene.
The height at which a weighted sample placed on another sample of the same material will begin to move or slide down an incline as expressed in degrees of an angle.
A sheet of paper chemically or mechanically altered to increase the coefficient of friction (COF).
The weight per unit of volume of the sheet of paper calculated by dividing the basis weight (500 sheets 24″ x 36″) by the caliper (in mils) and multiplying that figure by the factor 0.0000643.
B
A term frequently used interchangeably with sacks, but more accurately applied to smaller consumer size packages, generally less than 20 lbs net contents.
Any paper used in making consumer sized bags. The choice of paper depends upon the goods to be packed and the performance expected.
Assembled, unfilled sacks wrapped and/or tied at the manufacturing plant ready for shipping to customers.
A large sack, usually made of one to three walls, designed to carry or unitize a quantity of filled smaller bags.
Pasting together the walls of a sack with lines (or bars) of paste as contrasted with spot pasting.
The weight in pounds or grams of a given area of paper. For shipping sack kraft, this is the weight in pounds of 3,000 square feet. Historically, this represents the weight of a 500 sheet ream cut 24 inches by 36 inches.
A method of coloring paper in which colorants are added to the pulp before it is formed into a sheet.
Entire sack and contents such as clay or titanium dioxide can be thrown into a beater for repulping. The sack is made of repulpable kraft or bleached kraft and water-soluble adhesives and water-dispersible inks.
The process of treating pulp with chemical agents whereby non-cellulose materials are removed or altered to make the pulp a whiter color.
A surplus printed area extending into the tucks and/or bottom of a sack to allow for design tolerance while the sack is being formed in manufacturing.
The description of a plastic film whose various components were premixed before extruding as opposed to coextrusion where the resins are extruded as separate layers into a single film.
The tendency of plastic film or plastic coated papers to adhere or cling due to static electricity or shear-cut edges. It can also occur due to improper formulation of plastic or to improper anti-static treatment levels.
A paper patch pasted over the bottom of a pasted open mouth sack or both ends of a pasted valve sack to prevent sifting.
A machine which automatically forms and seals both ends of a valve sack or one end of a pasted open mouth sack.
The complete process of cutting and folding a bottom in a tube for pasted end bags. On certain machines, it also refers to forming the valve end of the pasted end sack.
Plain, extensible or creped paper tape sewn into the closure of a sewn style multiwall sack.
The print design and lettering and its location on the bag or sack as required by the customer.
An adhesive used to bond film to the kraft ends of a sack giving the film the ability to break away at the sack ends without tearing paper fibers.
The reflectivity or whiteness of a sheet of paper measured under standard conditions. Not a measure of color.
The weight of a unit volume of a substance expressed as pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter or equivalent units.
An upright frame partition used to separate and hold in place materials shipped in a railcar or truck.
A group of 15, 25, 50, or 100 bags that have been compressed and tied ready for shipment to the customer.
The resistance of paper to rupture under pressure. Usually determined on a Mullen tester and expressed in pounds per square inch. Also referred to as Mullen, Mullen strength, or pop test.
That part of the sack that becomes the top and the bottom when the bag is expanded upon filling.
A small diameter roll of material remaining after completion of a manufacturing run. Also called a stub roll.
C
A coating of calcium carbonate pigment and binder on kraft paper to improve acid protection
A series of rolls, through which paper is passed, to polish the surface and/or increase the density of the paper.
Defects in paper caused by wrinkles in the paper as it passes through the calendar rolls. Defects appear as slits or creases along the sheet.
Kraft paper having a smoother surfaced than regular natural kraft paper that was produced by a calender unit.
The thickness of a material such as paper or film expressed in thousandths of an inch or mil.
A heavy paper or paperboard made from kraft pulp or waste paper stock. Used for lining freight cars to protect the contents from dirt and abrasion.
The abrasion or scuffing caused by materials rubbing against one another or against another surface.
A coating of clay and binder on paper to improve printing quality and appearance. Generally used for consumer packaging applications.
A term applied to paper and paperboard whose surface has been treated with clay or a pigment and adhesive mixture or other materials to improve the surface finish with respect to printing quality, color, smoothness, opacity or other surface properties. The term also is applied to lacquered and varnished papers.
The ratio of the frictional force to gravity acting perpendicular to the two surfaces in contact. The tangent of the angle of slide. Also see Static COF and Kinetic COF.
The process of simultaneously joining two or more plastic layers together while still melted to form a single multilayered film.
A pattern of polyvinyl acetate water emulsion coating applied on the printing press or bag machine to provide heat sealable closure on paper bags or roll stock.
A natural latex rubber adhesive applied as a pattern or overall coating to paper or film webs that only seals to itself under pressure without heat. Also called self-sealing coating.
The resistance of color in paper, or printed inks, to change shades when exposed to light, heat chemicals or other deleterious influences.
Natural or bleached kraft paper to which a dye or pigment has been added to produce the desired color.
The exposure of paper to controlled and specified atmospheric conditions, so that moisture content of the paper reaches equilibrium with the controlled atmospheric conditions.
A bag containing a smaller unit of merchandise that serves as a shelf package at the retail level. Examples include, flour, sugar, and small pet food bags.
All materials used in the construction of a bag or sack. Common conversion materials are paper, thread, tape, adhesives, inks, etc.
A company that converts packaging materials into finished products such as bags, sacks, envelopes, pouches, boxes, tape, etc.
A tube, usually of paperboard, but occasionally of plastic, around which a roll of paper, film or foil is wound.
Metal, wood, plastic or particle board plugs which are driven into the ends of the cores of a finished roll to prevent the core from crushing.
Exposing a plastic film or poly coated paper to a high voltage electrical discharge to increase the polarity of the surface and thus increase receptivity to inks, coatings or adhesives. Treatment level is expressed in dynes. Treatment levels required vary for each type of film. Under treatment results in poor bonding, while over treatment can cause blocking or heat seal problems.
A corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations to human skin tissue at the site of contact.
A transverse score line placed near the top of a sack to facilitate forming the closure.
A term describing the effect produced by “crowding” a wet sheet on a roll by means of a doctor blade. In sack manufacture, creped paper is used to add flexibility and anti-slip properties.The degree of crepe is indicated by percentages and usually ranges from 3% to 30%. For example, 20 percent crepe paper will stretch 20% in a direction at right angles to the creping before it breaks.
The direction at right angles to the machine direction, corresponding to the direction of the width of a sheet of paper wound in a roll. Also expressed as “across the machine” and “across the grain”.
Spot or bar pasting across the width of a paper bag. Also see bar pasting and spot pasting.
The volume of material that a sack will hold. Cubic capacity cannot accurately be determined from measurements of an empty sack, but must be determined by filling trials, taking into account entrained air in the product.
Usually applied to labels. An undesirable condition in a stack of paper sheets, labels or wrappers usually caused by uneven rates of absorption or evaporation of moisture on the two sides, or internal stresses in the paper. The axis of the curl is usually parallel to the machine direction of the paper.
In sack or bag manufacturing, that part of the tubing operations when the individual sack or bag is cut from the tubular web.
The property of absorbing enough moisture from the surrounding atmosphere to change the material to a liquid form.
The weigh per unit of volume, usually stated as pounds per cubic foot or grams per cubic centimeter.
A simple method of folding the top and bottom of a pasted sack distinguished by the diamond shape at both ends of the top or bottom folds before sealing.
A kraft sheet used in the printing and engraving trade for wiping the surfaces of printing plates. The significant properties are a high finish, smooth surface, strength and freedom from fuzz or lint.
A thin metal or plastic strip or scraper in contact with a roll along its entire length to keep it clean. Also used for creping paper.
A sewing machine with two sewing heads on opposite sides for effecting the closure of both ends of a multiwall sack during one pass of the bag through the sewing machine.
A set or sets of rolls which draw or pull the paper or sacks through the machine, also called pull rolls.
To spread or distribute ink or coating on paper by means of pulling a blade down through the liquid. The sample obtained by this method is also called a drawdown.
A method of comparing sack performance by dropping filled sacks from predetermined heights and positions until sack failure occurs.
A series of steam-heated, rotating metal drums on a paper machine against which the wet paper is held by endless felts for the purpose of drying the paper.
Any blocking, lining, strapping, inflatable sacks or similar bracing or supports used to hold a load in position for the purpose of preventing loss or damage in transit.
Any paper showing different colors, texture or finish on one side compared to the other side. Such paper may be made by combining two different stocks on a paper machine.
Sacks made with two walls of paper, film or other flexible materials which may or may not be the same grade, type basis weight, etc.
E
The pointed extensions which appear at the corners of sacks after they are filled and closed. Primarily appears on flat tube sacks.
The printing along the edge of a flat tube. The printing is visible on the side of the sack when the sack is filled.
Papers with impressed patterns created by special impression cylinders running against a back-up roll. Lines or other designs are created by embossing.
A type of diamond fold valve used in pasted multiwall bags wherein a valve extension is cut in one or all plies at the tuber and forms a flap or lip which extends into the bag and increases the length of the paper in the valve.
F
The front of a bag or the side opposite the side of the bag on which the longitudinal seam is located.
The distance from one edge of one gusset or side of a sack or bag to the opposite edge measured across the face of the sack or bag.
The side of the paper web that has not been in contact with the forming wire on the paper machine. Sometimes called “Topside”.
The unit cell of vegetable growth, many times longer than its diameter, which is the basis of paper pulp.
A condition of bond or seal strength in paper or other fibrous laminates where separation of components causes rupture or tearing of the fibers.
A cushioning medium introduced around the thread in needle holes so that the needle holes are sealed and the sack strengthened. The material is usually twisted soft yarn, cotton or twisted paper that is sewn into the needle holes to prevent sifting and to act as a cushion for the sewing stitches.
A seam formed by bringing the same sides of a ply together and sealing as opposed to an overlap seam where one side is brought together with the other side.
The surface property of a sheet of paper determined by its texture and gloss. High finish means smooth, glossy, hard surfaces. Low finish means the absence of a high-gloss surface. Finish is measured by reflected light.
he various operations in the processing of paper that are performed after the paper machine, including slitting, rewinding, sheeting, trimming, counting and packaging.
Strips of colored paper inserted into the edge of a roll of paper by the printing press operator whenever a splice or defect occurs. This is to let the next operator know when a splice or defect in present in the roll.
Paper that is relatively smooth, as opposed to a sheet that has been creped. (See Creped Paper)
A flat tube, without gussets, with one end sewn closed by the sack manufacturer.
A flat tube, without gussets, closed top and bottom by sewing that has a small opening or valve formed in one corner for filling.
A type of printing done while the paper is still in the web and before the paper is formed into bags or sacks. Flexographic printing is generally water based inks, although some solvent based inks are used.
The distribution or arrangement of fibers in a sheet of paper. Usually judged by visual appearance via transmitted light. A “closed” formation is on which is uniform. An irregular arrangement is a “wild” formation.
The part of a sack making machine around which the web of paper is folded and the overlapped edges are pasted to form the tube.
A type of paper machine on which the web is formed by depositing pulp on the surface of a moving endless wire screen, called a wire or machine cloth. When the pulp is fed onto this wire, it is 99% water and 1% fiber. The wire screen permits most of the water to drain out of the sheet and the fibers have become more tightly interlocked. When the paper leaves the Fourdrinier wire, it enters the press section of the paper machine.
The distance between the top of the product and the top of the sack when the sack is placed upright.
An imprint bearing the sack manufacturer’s name or symbol that guarantees that the construction of the sack meets or exceeds the requirements of the applicable freight classification.
A mixture of various materials that are blended in the pulp stock suspension from which paper is made. The chief constituents are the fibrous material or pulp, sizing materials, fillers and dyes.
Highly hydrated pulp made into paper and then super-calendered. Used as a grease barrier and can be colored or tinted.
A descriptive term for any highly refined and dense sheet of paper that has been treated or coated to provide a good barrier to some fats and oils.
Kraft paper tape with a glue or dry adhesive, used in the closure of multiwall sacks. The adhesive is activated by water.
Print design or lettering occurring in the gusset of the bag for product identification when bags are filled and stacked on pallets.
The reverse folds in the sides of square, automatic and sewn multiwall sacks. Not found in flat tube sacks.
H
A process using printing plates, usually copper or zinc, produced by the photoengraving process. A reproduction of original artwork having a gradation of tones. The surface of the plate consists of dots of various sizes, generally spaced from 40 to 180 per linear inch, which are capable of rendering not only the extreme lights and darks of a picture but all gradations in between.
A term used to describe a group of sacks ranging from about 15 to 25 sacks placed in a stacking pattern for palletizing unfilled sacks.
A closure constructed of thermoplastic resin allowing it to be sealed with the application of heat. Primarily used with pinch bottom sacks.
A term applied widely to a variety of surface-coated papers that can be sealed by the application of heat.
A plastic bag of single or multiple ply construction, designed to serve as the prime shipping container.
A thermoplastic adhesive composed of blends of polymers, resins, and/or waxes. The adhesive is liquefied by heat, applied molten and forms a bond by cooling and solidifying.
I
Resistance of a plastic film to shock impact. It is measured by dropping a weighted round dart onto the film from a given height. Also called Dart Impact.
The process of treating a sheet of paper with a liquid so that the treatment penetrates the paper.
A large cylinder on a printing press over which the paper is threaded. As the inked plate comes around, it strikes the paper at the point where the inked plate passes over the impression cylinder.
Identification marks or symbols printed on a multi-wall sack, consisting of code numbers, freight classification stamp, etc. Not part of the brand printing.
Papers that are manufactured for industrial uses such as impregnating, insulating, and packaging as opposed to cultural papers or fine papers used for writing and publishing.
The amount of ink printed on a sack or bag in relation to the total area of the package available for printing.
That property of a sheet of paper, or other material, which causes it to absorb ink.
Paper whose surface has been chemically treated to resist the attack of boring insects. The use of such paper is subject to US FDA regulations.
Dots or bars of paste applied between the walls or plies of a tube during bag manufacture.
Pasted sack bottoms folded in the opposite way from bottoms normally produced on the sack machine.
J
Any large roll of paper generally 26 inches or more in diameter that is to be used for converting purposes.
K
The resisting frictional force required to keep one object moving over another at a constant speed. The force needed to keep an object moving once it is started in motion.
A paper made entirely from wood pulp produced by a modified sulphate pulping process. The paper is coarse and noted for its strength. The name is obtained from the German word “kraft” meaning strength. It is usually manufactured on a Fourdrinier machine. Its natural color is brown, but by using semi-bleached or bleached sulphate pulp it can produce lighter shades including white. Kraft paper used for shipping sacks and bags is most commonly made in basis weights from 25 to 80 lbs.
L
A transparent coating applied on the printing press over the ink to provide gloss, protection from ink scuffing, higher slide angle or, in some cases, lower slide angle.
A combination of two or more sheets of paper, film or foil bonded together in order to make a sheet stronger or more resistant to moisture, grease or odor.
In sack manufacturing, the amount of the web necessary to allow one edge to extend over the other so that they can be joined by an adhesive to form a tube. Also refers to the paper necessary in the ends of pasted bags to allow one side of the tube to be folded over the other to form a pasting area.
The process of printing directly from an inked, raised surface against which the paper is pressed.
A heat-sealed plastic sack inserted inside a paper sack to provide barrier protection for the product packed.
A high basis weight and stiffer natural kraft paper generally intended for rigid applications such as a corrugated box. Linerboard is used for roofing shingle wrap and single-wall baler sacks.
Particles of fibers that separate or “dust off” from paper during manufacturing or converting operations.
A small ticket attached to a skid or pallet load of sacks or bags and containing factory order information such as size, brand, etc. and the count of sacks or bags on the pallet.
The thread that is mechanically tied around the needle thread to form a lock-stitch seam for the sack closure.
Paper with only 3 to 7.5 percent crepe for a rough outer surface to improve handling and stacking.
The direction of paper parallel to its forward movement on the paper machine. Also called “with the grain.”
The finish obtainable on a particular paper machine without the aid of any added equipment such as water boxes or super calenders.
A high finish paper made on a Fourdrinier machine with a Yankee Dryer. The latter gives the paper a smooth, glossy, high finish on one side.
A very thin coating of metal, usually aluminum, which is vacuum deposited on film and foil.
The caliper of thickness expressed in mils. 1 mil = One thousandth (1/1000) of an inch or 0.001 inch.
The roll of paper as it is received from the paper mill. Used to distinguish a plain roll from a roll of printed or converted paper.
The percentage of water in a material. It is usually determined by completely drying a sample at 100 to 105 o C. (212 to 221o F). The result is expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the sample.
Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate
The rate of grams of moisture that will pass through an area of 100 sq in of barrier material in a 24 hour period expressed as gm/100 sq in/24 hr.
The resistance of paper to rupture under pressure. Usually determined on a Mullen tester and expressed in pounds per square inch. Also referred to as bursting strength.
A flexible container made from two to six plies of kraft paper, meeting designated specifications. The walls or plies may be made up of 40, 50, 60 or 70 lb paper and one or more plies could be a plastic film, foil, or a laminated sheet.
N
National Motor Freight Classification
A national tariff published by the American Trucking Association which sets forth container specifications for all commodities being moved by common carrier trucks.
Paper that is not bleached, dyed or tinted. Paper that is the color of natural kraft, a light tan or brown.
The thread which is inserted by the needle which passes completely through the sewn sack
The manner in which the walls of a sack fit within or nest to one another; with correct nesting each wall will bear its proportionate share of the burden.
Those papers with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5 that indicated freedom from acid and alkali. Such papers will not cause corrosion when in contact with metals.
The portion of a sewn valve tube that is cut away leaving an extension at one corner to be folded into the sack when the valve is formed. The depth of the notch determines the valve extension depth.
O
The unintentional transfer of the printed image to the back side of the web in a printed roll. This is usually caused by too much rewind pressure or incomplete drying of the ink.
The offsetting of the face and back of gusseted open mouth sacks to allow opening the sack for placement on a filling spout.
A method of printing in which plates receive the ink and transfer the image to a rubber blanket which in turn prints on the paper. Also referred to as lithography.
A type of “intermediate” multiwall sack between the basic two styles: valve and open mouth. It usually has a sewn bottom and the top is partially closed by sewing.
The individual who operates a machine and is responsible for the quantity and quality of production from the machine.
Samples of sacks from different runs that may be retained by the manufacturer or sent to the customer.
In the printing operation, a special coating applied over the printed areas of a web on the printing press. This coating can provide gloss, rub resistance, slip requirements and other special properties.
A sack used to contain another sack, usually used for broken sacks to minimize product loss.
A substance such as chlorate, permanganate, inorganic peroxide or nitrate that yield oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of organic matter. These products are classified as hazardous materials and must be packaged according to USDOT regulations.
The rate in cubic centimeters that pure oxygen will pass through an area of 100 Sq in of barrier material in 24 hours, expressed as: cc/100sq in/24 hr.
P
A portable wooden, plastic or corrugated platform on which material can be stacked and moved as a unit.
A mat of cellulose fibers which is formed by suspension in water on a wire screen, and which subsequently has had the water removed by
means of a vacuum and heat drying.
means of a vacuum and heat drying.
A mixture of starches, dextrines or similar materials with water, used as an adhesive. This type of adhesive is commonly used in multiwall bag and sack manufacturing.
A non-gusseted or flat tube sack with a pasted bottom closure. Also referred to as a satchel bottom sack.
Pasted Open Mouth Self-Opening Sack
A gusseted sack with a formed pasted bottom. This sack may be opened with a quick snap, forming a rectangular bottom.
Pasted Open Mouth Stepped-End Sack
A flat or gusseted sack with the face, gussets and back stepped at different lengths so that when folded over, the back stepping pattern adheres to the corresponding surface of the opposite face.
A paper that has been embossed with a pebble pattern. This is often done to make a label, band or wrapper more machineable.
A serrated knife used to perforate each wall of paper prior to separation to make stepped-end tubes.
Small vent holes punched through the walls of a bag to allow air to escape from the bag rapidly during the filling operation.
The degree of acidity or alkalinity on a scale ranging from 0 to 14. The neutral point is 7.0 with 0 to 7.0 being acid and 7.0 to 14 being alkaline. A commercially neutral paper has a pH range of from 6.5 to 7.5.
A term for a defect in the printing on a label involving removal of small areas of the coated surface of the paper.
A solid material which, on being reduced to powder, can be used to color paper and inks. A pigment is insoluble while a dye is soluble.
A term used to describe the stepped-end closures of a flat tube or gusseted pasted open mouth sack in which the stepping pattern of the various plies provides for more sift-resistance in the ends of the sack and allows the sack, when filled, to form a more box-like shape.
Small holes in a sack made by perforation pins to allow the escape of air during packing. Perforations may be under the valve and/or over the entire surface of the sack or in a barrier ply only.
Minute holes in a sheet of paper that may be caused either by spaces between the fibers or by foreign particles, or both.
A wall of a sack. A single thickness or fold of paper. Plies are described from the inside ply of the package to the outside ply.
A compound formed by the linking together of two or more monomers. A homopolymer means that the monomers are the same. A copolymer means that the monomers are different.
The characteristic of a sheet of paper that permits the passage of air through the sheet. A measure of time in seconds required for the passage of 100 cc of air through one square inch of paper.
A coating printed on the outer ply of a multiwall bag in an area that will be contacted by vacuum cups of automatic bag placement equipment.
Kraft tape, coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive material and on the second side with a release agent. Requires only brief pressure at room temperature to use. Some pressure sensitive tapes are supplied with a release backing of paper that is removed at the time of use.
A chemical coating sometimes applied to a substrate to enhance its ability to accept another substrate.
A sample bag or plate proof, bearing a print number ink shade and register, the likeness of which is to be reproduced on the printing press.
The pressure required to transfer the ink from the printing press etched roller to the printing plate and from the printing plate to the web being printed. This affects the sharpness of the printed image on the substrate.
The identification ticket attached to each print roll as it leaves the printing press.
The property of a paper or other material that determines how well the material can be printed.
A test print or trial impression in the printing process that is taken for examination or correction.
Holes punched in multiwall sacks to allow product to breath. Distinguished from perforation holes in which a sharp instrument pierces holes in the paper, but removes no material in the process. Punched holes remove material equal to the diameter of the punch.
Q
A DuPont Trade Named special chemical treatment applied internally or to surface of paper to provide water repellency.
A term applied to the untrimmed roll of paper of full machine width, wound on a large shaft a the dry end of the paper machine.
In printing, the exact placing of successive colors as they are printed by the sequential printing stations over or adjacent to each other on the web.
The amount of moisture in the air at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of moisture the air could hold at that temperature.
In printing, the total circumference of the printing press plate cylinder with a printing plate of correct thickness in place.
A cord, thread or tape used to open a sewn sack without tearing the sack. Sometimes called a rip cord or tear tape.
A sizing material made from pine resin that is frequently added or applied to paper to render it moisture resistant.
The process of printing from a cylindrical surface having an etched or recessed, design.
The resistance of ink to smearing or transfer when rubbed against itself or another material.
S
A non-rigid container made from paper or other flexible material. It is made by forming a tube and closing one or both ends but leaving an opening through which the material to be carried in the container is introduced. Preferably used to describe packages of 20 pounds net weight or above.
A crease placed near the top or bottom of the sack for easy forming in opening or closing operations. Also called creased top.
The raising of the fibers on the surface of a paper or paperboard when one piece is rubber against another or comes in contact with a rough surface.
The force required to separate a seal. Seals are made under standard conditions of pressure, temperature, and dwell time. Seal strength is usually expressed as the grams of force required to separate a one inch wide seal.
The property of a material that renders it capable of being fused or sealed to itself by the application of heat and pressure.
The layer of a packaging material that seals to another layer or itself when heat and pressure are applied.
The overlapping and pasting portion which runs the entire length of the tube from which a sack is formed.
Valves in multiwall sacks that close automatically from the pressure of the contents.
Slits at the end of a tube to give shingling of walls at pasted ends improved sift resistance as opposed to flush cutting or cutting all walls together.
Normally 40 to 60 pound basis weight kraft paper manufactured specifically to meet the requirements of shipping sack packaging.
A very small bundle of fibers in paper that have not been properly separated by cooking in the pulping operation.
A film, usually polyethylene, designed to shrink in each direction when heat is applied and when cooled, retains strength properties. Used to stabilize pallet loads of shipping sacks.
A longitudinal seam placed at or near the edge of the sack to avoid having the seam in the printed area.
A coating of silicone on kraft paper or on polycoated kraft paper to provide release from sticky products such as synthetic rubber or asphalt.
Chemicals that are added to paper to render them resistant to moisture. Size may be added at the size press or internally.
Located between dryer sections on a paper machine the size press consists of a tank and a pair of press rolls. The sizing material is applied to the paper as it passes between the rolls. The pressure between the rolls determines the amount of material applied to the sheet.
A paper that has been treated internally or on the surface to resist the penetration of liquids.
A low platform on which material is loaded in order to store or transport it. Sometimes referred to as a pallet.
A separately applied piece of paper and/or plastic film in the valve opening to prevent sifting.
The distance a tuck-in sleeve extends out of the valve, measured from the edge of the valve to the outside or mouth end of the sleeve.
A single ply insert extending through the valve opening into the multiwall sack to prevent sifting.
An outer sleeve extension on a valve sack that is folded and tucked in by hand after the sack has been filled.
The angle at which paper will start sliding when in contact with another piece of the same paper and under standard test conditions.
A sheet of material that is inserted between two surfaces to separate or protect them. Can be used in place of a pallet, with proper push-pull attachment to a forklift for loading and unloading.
Dust from the slitter that may be caught up in the moving web of paper and may cause trouble in subsequent finishing or printing operations.
Ends of sewn sacks in which the bound over tape is not drawn tightly over the ends of the tube or sewn too close to the tube end.
The temperature at which a plastic film becomes too soft to withstand stress or begins to block. High packing temperatures (filling sacks with hot products) can have an adverse effect on some films.
The joining together of two lengths of material by their ends. Used to repair a break or to attain greater continuous length in a roll. Splices are made using either glues or adhesive tapes.
A label that covers only a portion of the package. Usually refers to a small supplementary label. Sometimes used for small quantities of a specific product for use with a standard printed sack.
The pasting together of the walls of multiwall sacks with small spots of adhesive near the open end. This facilitates opening the bag and prevents product from getting between the plies when filling.
A gusseted bag with a machine formed pasted bottom. Sometimes referred to as an SOS or Self Opening Square or Automatic bag. The bag may be opened with a quick snap forming a rectangular bottom.
A label, band or wrapper that is square or rectangular, usually cut on a guillotine cutter.
Gussets formed so that edges are slightly offset with both edges able to be seen from one side.
The resisting frictional force required to start an object to move when in contact with another object also at rest. The initial sliding force of an object on another.
The electrical charge that sometimes collects on paper, film and other materials when in contact with other substances. It is most evident at low relative humidity levels and may cause undesired sparking.
A flat or gusseted sack with the face, gussets and back stepped at different lengths so that a flap or extension of the front, on one end of the bag tube and a flap on the back surface of the opposite end is produced. In the bag plant, hot melt adhesive is applied to the flap at the bottom of the bag, the flap is folded over the opposite surface and pressure applied to complete the closure. Hot melt adhesive also is applied to the flap on the open end of the bag in the bag plant, but the flap is not folded. After the bag is filled, the bag is closed on a pinch bottom sealer that reactivates the hot melt adhesive, folds the end flap over the opposite face and applies compression to complete the closure.
A tube in which each ply is cut individually in a stepped pattern rather than all plies cut together and straight across. Successive plies extend, one beyond the other, so that when the bag is pasted shut, each ply is pasted to itself.
The amount of extension or elongation of a paper or film when under tension. Usually measured by tensile test equipment and reported as a percentage of elongation before the sheet breaks.
A copolymer film with modifiers that impart a high degree of elasticity. When stretched around a bundle or pallet load under tension less than its elastic limit, its restoring forces will exert tension on the bundle or load it contains.
A paper with a very smooth finish obtained by running the paper through a special finishing machine. Such a finishing machine consists of alternative hard and soft rolls while a conventional finishing machine or calender stack has only hard rolls.
T
Stickiness. Adhesives, inks, lacquers, varnish and other coatings that impart a tacky or sticky characteristic to the substrate, especially if not properly applied or dried.
The inclusion of a tag in the closure, either at the time of sack manufacture or when the filled sack is closed. Usually done with sewn closures.
A narrow band of paper, generally creped, folded over the ends of a bag and sewn to the bag to form the closure.
Tape applied after the bag has been sewn closed in order to cover the stitch line at the bag closure to prevent sifting and improve barrier properties. Wet adhesive, hot melt, or heat sealed thermoplastic coated tape can be used.
A narrow tape pasted along the inside of a bag to provide a quick and easy opening feature.
The force, in lbs/inch of width, required to break a paper strip of a specified width and length under specified conditions of loading.
A small, semi-circular cut made at the top center of a paper bag to facilitate opening of the bag.
The upper end of a bag or sack when viewed with the printing in an upright position. Frequently open mouth bags are closed at the top end in the factory in order to provide special features such as easy-opening.
The printing of a subsequent color of ink over another in a satisfactory manner that does not show the first color. The first color printed must be lighter than subsequent colors in order to be trapped by the darker color.
Papers that have functional characteristics added through special treatment. Among the most common are: Insect Resistant, Mold Resistant, Silicone (release) coated, clay coated, flame retardant.
The widest sheet of paper, after removal of the deckle edges, that can be made on a given paper machine. Also refers to a true cut to an exact size by cutting away edges of paper in a web or sheet.
The forming of continuous webs of paper into a cylinder on a bag-making machine and then cutting to length to produce a tube for a given bag size.
A sleeve which extends out of the valve and which may be folded and tucked into the valve after filling the bag.
Uniform Freight Classification
A national tariff published by the railroad industry that sets forth container specifications for all commodities being moved by rail.
A ten to 14 digit code printed on packages that uniquely identifies the product and package size and permits a photocell to read and record the product for automatic inventory control.
The resistance of a material to degradation from ultra-violet rays in sunlight, usually expressed in terms of hours at which a given percent of tensile strength is retained.
A strip of material pasted into the valve opening to make the valve stronger and more sift-resistant.
Perforations placed beneath the valve of a multiwall sack to release air pressure during filling.
The identification of location of the valve when facing the front of the bag, the face opposite the longitudinal seam, when the printing is upright. Referred to as upper left hand (ULH), upper right hand (URH), lower left hand (LLH) or lower right hand (LRH).
A sack whose top and bottom are factory closed, with the exception of a small opening at one corner called a valve.
Holes punched in multiwall plies to allow the package to breathe when the product is packed.
The property of a fluid that offers resistance to flow or motion within itself. The higher the viscosity, the thicker or heavier the liquid.
A property imparted to certain papers to shed water. Often recommended for use where the sack is exposed to water droplets or water spray.
Paper that has been impregnated, coated or laminated to resist the penetration of water.
A term used to express the weight of water transmitted per unit of time, per unit area, when the barrier separates a dry atmosphere from an atmosphere of specified relative humidity and temperature. The grams of moisture that will pass through and area of 100 sq in of material in a 24 hour period, expressed as gm/100 sq in/24 hr.
An adhesive class of synthetic resin or latex base designed to be used in sack constructions with water resistant or wet strength paper. These adhesives are resistant to failure when soaked in water.
Glassine paper treated with waxes to make it more transparent and more resistant to moisture and water vapor.
Kraft paper that has been treated with wax to give it resistance to moisture, water, and grease.
Highly sized and/or highly finished paper used as an outer wall in sacks to help repel water.
A converting operation in which the paper is moistened and passed over a roll equipped with a doctor blade.
Paper made from pulp treated with urea formaldehyde or other materials to retain a substantial part of its original dry strength when saturated with water.
The side of the paper web that was in contact with the wire on the wet end of the paper machine during manufacture of the paper.